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TB6539N/F
TOSHIBA Bi-CMOS Integrated Circuit Silicon Monolithic
TB6539N,TB6539F
3-Phase Full-Wave Sine-Wave PWM Brushless Motor Control Features
* * * * * * * * Sine-wave PWM control Built-in triangular-wave generator (carrier cycle = fosc/252 (Hz)) Built-in lead angle control function (0 to 58 in 32 steps) Built-in dead time function Supports bootstrap circuit Overcurrent protection signal input pin Built-in regulator (Vrefout = 5 V (typ.), 30 mA (max)) Operating supply voltage range: VCC = 10 to 18 V VM = 4.5 to 18 V
TB6539F TB6539N
Weight SDIP24-P-300-1.78 : 1.62 g (typ.) SSOP30-P-375-1.00 : 0.63 g (typ.)
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Block Diagram
LA 23/29 6-bit triangular wave generator 4/5 Comparator 5/6 Comparator 8/9 6/7 9/10 7/8 10/12 U X V Y W Z 5-bit AD 4 bits Counter Output waveform generator Data select Phase W Comparator 120/180 Charger FG Rotating direction PWM HU HV HW Comparator Phase V Phase U
Xin
14/17
System clock generator
Xout
15/19
VM
HU
21/26
HV
20/25
Position detector
HW Internal Phase reference matching voltage
19/23
Ve
22/27
Setting dead time
VCC
1/1
Regulator
P-GND
3/4
S-GND
13/16
Vrefout
24/30
16/20
OS
Power-on reset
Switching 120/180 and gate block protection on/off 120turn-on matrix
RES
18/22
Idc
2/3
CW/CCW
17/21
FG
11/14
ST/SP Protection CW/CCW & ERR reset GB
REV
12/15
The pin numbers shown above are for the TB6539N/TB6539F
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Pin Description
Pin No. TB6539N TB6539F 21 20 19 26 25 13 Symbol HU HV HW Description Positional signal input pin U Positional signal input pin V Positional signal input pin W Rotation direction signal input pin L: Forward H: Reverse L: Reset (Output is non-active) 18 22 RES Reset-signal-input pin Operation/Halt operation Also used for gate block protection 22 23 27 29 Ve LA Inputs voltage instruction signal Lead angle setting signal input pin Inputs output logic select signal With built-in pull-down resistor Sets 0 to 58 in 32 steps L: Active low H: Active high Inputs DC link current. 2 3 Idc Inputs overcurrentprotection-signal Inputs clock signal With built-in feedback resistor Outputs clock signal Outputs reference voltage signal FG signal output pin Reverse rotation detection signal Outputs turn-on signal Outputs turn-on signal Outputs turn-on signal Select active high or active low using the output logic select pin. 8 9 10 1 4 3 13 9 10 12 1 5 4 16 X Y Z VCC VM P-GND S-GND Outputs turn-on signal Outputs turn-on signal Outputs turn-on signal Power supply voltage pin Apply power supply for output circuit. Ground for power supply Ground for signals VCC = 10~18 V VM = 4.5~18 V Ground pin Ground pin 5 V (typ.), 30 mA (max) Outputs 3PPR of positional signal Detects reverse rotation. Reference voltage: 0.5 V With built-in filter ( ~ 1 ms) 14 15 24 11 12 5 6 7 17 19 30 14 15 6 7 8 Xin Xout Vrefout FG REV U V W When positional signal is HHH or LLL, gate block protection operates. With built-in pull-up resistor Remarks
17
21
CW/CCW
16
20
OS
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Input/Output Equivalent Circuits
Pin Description Symbol Digital Positional signal input pin U HU With Schmitt trigger Positional signal input pin V HV Hysteresis 300 mV (typ.) Vrefout Vrefout 200 k9 2 kW Positional signal input pin W HW L : 0.8 V (max) H: Vrefout - 1 V (min) Digital 100 k9 2 kW L : 0.8 V (max) H: Vrefout - 1 V (min) Digital Vrefout Reset input With Schmitt trigger RES L: Stops operation (reset). H: Operates. L : 0.8 V (max) H: Vrefout - 1 V (min) Hysteresis 300 mV (typ.) 2 kW 100 k9 VCC 100 W 200 k9 VCC 100 W 200 k9 Forward/reverse switching input pin CW/CCW L: Forward (CW) H: Reverse (CCW) Vrefout Vrefout With Schmitt trigger Hysteresis 300 mV (typ.) Input/Output Signal Input/Output Internal Circuit
Voltage instruction signal input pin Ve
Analog
Turn on the lower transistor at 0.2 V or less. (X, Y, Z pins: ON duty of 8%)
Input range 0 to 5.0 V Input voltage of Vrefout or higher is clipped to Vrefout.
Lead angle setting signal input pin LA 0 V: 0 5 V: 58 (5-bit AD)
Analog
Input range 0 to 5.0 V Input voltage of Vrefout or higher is clipped to Vrefout.
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Pin Description Symbol Input/Output Signal Input/Output Internal Circuit
OS L: Active low H: Active high L : 0.8 V (max) H: Vrefout - 1 V (min)
VCC Analog Overcurrent protection signal input pin Idc Gate block protected at 0.5 V or higher (released at carrier cycle) 200 kW 5 pF 0.5 V Vrefout Comparator
Clock signal input pin
Xin Operating range Xin 2 to 8 MHz (crystal oscillation)
Vrefout
100 k9 2 kW
Output logic select signal input pin
Vrefout Vrefout Digital
Xout
Clock signal output pin
Xout
500 kW
VCC
VCC
Reference voltage signal output pin
Vrefout
5 0.5 V (max 30 mA)
VCC Digital Reverse-rotation-detection signal output pin REV Open collector output: 20 mA (max)
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Pin Description Symbol Input/Output Signal Input/Output Internal Circuit
VCC Digital FG signal output pin FG Open collector output: 20 mA (max)
VM Turn-on signal output pin U Turn-on signal output pin V Turn-on signal output pin W Turn-on signal output pin X Turn-on signal output pin Y Turn-on signal output pin Z U V W X Y Z L : 1.3 V (max) H: VM - 1.3 V (min) Push-pull output: 20 mA (max) Analog
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Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25C)
Characteristics Supply voltage Symbol VCC VM Input voltage Turn-on signal output current N Power dissipation F Operating temperature Storage temperature Type Type PD Topr Tstg Vin (1) Vin (2) IOUT Rating 18 18 -0.3~VCC (Note 1) -0.3~5.5 20 1.75 1.50 -30~115 -50~150 (Note 3) W (Note 4) (Note 5) C C (Note 2) mA V Unit V
Note 1: Vin (1) pin: Ve, LA, REV, FG Note 2: Vin (2) pin: HU, HV, HW, CW/CCW, RES, OS, Idc Note 3: When mounted on PCB (universal 125 180 1.6 mm) Note 4: When mounted on PCB (universal 50 50 1.6 mm) Note 5: Operating temperature range is determined by the PD - Ta characteristic.
Recommended Operating Conditions (Ta = 25C)
Characteristics Supply voltage Crystal oscillation frequency Symbol VCC VM Xin Min 10 4.5 2 Typ. 15 5 4 Max 18 18 8 MHz Unit V
TB6539N PD - Ta
2.0 (1) When mounted on PCB Universal 2.0
TB6539F PD - Ta
(1) When mounted on PCB Universal
Power dissipation PD (W)
125 180 1.6 mm 1.5 (2) IC only Rth (j-a) = 100C/W
Power dissipation PD (W)
50 50 1.6 mm 1.5 (2) IC only Rth (j-a) = 110C/W 1.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0 0
50
100
150
200
0 0
50
100
150
200
Ambient temperature Ta (C)
Ambient temperature Ta (C)
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Electrical Characteristics (Ta = 25C, VCC = 15 V)
Characteristics Supply current Symbol ICC IM Iin (1) Input current Iin (2)-1 Iin (2)-2 Iin (2)-3 High Input voltage Vin Low Input hysteresis voltage VH VOUT (H)-1 3/4 HU, HV, HW, CW/CCW, RES IOUT = 20 mA VM = 5 V IOUT = -20 mA 3/4 VM = 5 V IOUT = -20 mA IOUT = 30 mA IOUT = -20 mA 3/4 VM = 15 V, VOUT = 0 V VM = 15 V, VOUT = 15 V REV Vrefout FG U, V, W, X, Y, Z U, V, W, X, Y, Z U, V, W, X, Y, Z U, V, W, X, Y, Z 3/4 3/4 Test Circuit 3/4 Vrefout = OPEN VM = 5 V Vin = 5 V Vin = 0 V Vin = 0 V Vin = 5 V Ve, LA HU, HV, HW CW/CCW, OS RES Test Condition Min 3/4 3/4 3/4 -40 -80 3/4 Vrefout -1 3/4 3/4 VM - 1.3 3/4 3/4 4.5 3/4 3/4 3/4 3.0 (Note 1) 0.45 3/4 27.5 53.5 7.5 6.5 3/4 0.5 0 32 59 8.5 7.5 1.0 Typ. 20 8 25 -25 -50 50 3/4 3/4 0.3 VM - 1.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 1.0 0 0 3.8 Max 30 12 40 3/4 3/4 80 Vrefout 0.8 3/4 3/4 V mA Unit mA
HU, HV, HW, CW/CCW, RES, OS
V
Output voltage
VOUT (L)-1 VREV Vrefout VFG
1.3 V 1.3 5.5 1.3 10 10 3/4 0.55 3/4 34.5 62.5 9.5 8.5 3/4 V mA
Output leakage current Output off-time by upper/lower transistor Overcurrent detection
IL (H) IL (L) TOFF Vdc TLA (0)
3/4 3/4
VM = 5 V/15 V, IOUT = 20 mA OS = High/Low, Xin = 4.19 MHz Idc LA = 0 V or Open, Hall IN = 100 Hz LA = 2.5 V, Hall IN = 100 Hz LA = 5 V, Hall IN = 100 Hz Output start operation point No output operation point
ms V
Lead angle correction
TLA (2.5) TLA (5) VCC (H)
VCC monitor
VCC (L) VHYS
Note 1: OS = High
1.5 V TOFF Turn-on signal (X, Y, Z) 1.5 V 1.5 V 1.5 V TOFF
Turn-on signal (U, V, W)
OS = Low
Turn-on signal (U, V, W) VM - 1.5 V TOFF VM - 1.5 V Turn-on signal (X, Y, Z) VM - 1.5 V TOFF VM - 1.5 V
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Functional Description
1. Basic operation
The motor is driven by the square-wave turn-on signal based on a positional signal. When the positional signal reaches number of rotations f = 5 Hz or higher, the rotor position is assumed according to the positional signal and a modulation wave is generated. The modulation wave and the triangular wave are compared then the sine-wave PWM signal is generated and the motor is driven. From start to 5 Hz: When driven by square wave (120 turn-on) f = fosc/(212 32 6) 5 Hz~: When driven by sine-wave PWM (180 turn-on) When fosc = 4 MHz, approx. 5 Hz
2. Function to stabilize bootstrap voltage
(1) (2) When voltage instruction is input at Ve < 0.2 V: = Turns on the lower transistor at regular (carrier) cycle. (On duty is approx. 8%) When voltage instruction is input at Ve > 0.2 V: During sine-wave drive, outputs drive signal as it is. During square-wave drive, forcibly turns on the lower transistor at regular (carrier) cycle. (On duty is approx. 8%) Note: At startup, to charge the upper transistor gate power supply, turn the lower transistor on for a fixed time with Ve < 0.2 V. =
3. Dead time function: upper/lower transistor output off-time
When driving the motor by sine-wave PWM, to prevent a short circuit caused by simultaneously turning on upper and lower external power devices, digitally generates dead time in the IC. Dead time: Td = 16/fosc (s) When fosc = 4 MHz, approx. Td = 4 ms. fosc = reference clock (crystal oscillation)
4. Correcting lead angle
The lead angle can be corrected in the turn-on signal range from 0 to 58 in relation to the induced voltage. Analog input from LA pin (0 to 5 V divided by 32) 0 V = 0 5 V = 58 (when more than 5 V is input, 58)
5. Setting carrier frequency
Sets triangular wave cycle (carrier cycle) necessary for generating PWM signal. (The triangular wave is used for forcibly turning on the lower transistor when driving the motor by square wave.) Carrier cycle = fosc/252 (Hz) fosc = reference clock (crystal oscillation)
6. Switching the output of turn-on signal
Switches the output of turn-on signal between high and low. Pin OS: High = active high Low = active low
7. Outputting reverse rotation detection signal
Detects motor rotation direction every electrical angle of 360. (The output is high immediately after reset) REV terminal increases with a 180 turn-on mode at the time of High-Z.
CW/CCW Pin Low (CW) Actual Motor Rotating Direction CW (forward) CCW (reverse) CW (forward) High (CCW) CCW (reverse) High-Z REV Pin High-Z Low Low
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8. Protecting input pin
1. Overcurrent protection (Pin Idc) When the DC-link-current exceeds the internal reference voltage, performs gate block protection. Overcurrent protection is released for each carrier frequency. Reference voltage = 0.5 V (typ.) Gate block protection (Pin RES) When the input signal level is Low, turns off the output; when High, restarts the output. Detects abnormality externally and inputs the signal to the pin RES.
Output Turn-on Signal (U, V, W, X, Y, Z) High Low
2.
RES Pin Low
OS Pin Low High
3.
(When RES = Low, bootstrap capacitor charging stops.) Internal protection * Positional signal abnormality protection * When the positional signal is HHH or LLL, turns off the output; otherwise, restarts the output. Low power supply voltage protection (VCC monitor) When power supply is on/off, prevents damage caused by short-circuiting power device by keeping the turn-on signal output at high impedance outside the operating voltage range.
VCC Power supply voltage 8.5 V (typ.) 7.5 V (typ.) GND
VM Turn-on signal Output at high impedance Output Output at high impedance
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Operation Flow
Positional signal (Hall IC) Position detector Phase U Counter X Phase V Phase matching (Phase U) Phase Sine-wave pattern W (modulation signal) Comparator W Voltage instruction System clock generator Triangular wave (carrier frequency) Z V Y U
Oscillator
Driven by square wave
(Note) 92%
Output ON duty
(U, V, W)
0.2 V (typ.)
4.6 V
Voltage instruction Ve
Note: Output ON time is decreased by the dead time. (carrier frequency 92% - Td 2)
Driven by sine wave
100%
Modulation ratio (modulation signal)
0
0.2 V (typ.)
5 V (Vrefout)
Voltage instruction Ve
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The modulation waveform is generated using Hall signals. Then, the modulation waveform is compared with the triangular wave and a sine-wave PWM signal is generated. The time (electrical angle: 60) from the rising (or falling) edges of the three Hall signals to the next rising (or rising) edges are counted. The counted time is used as the data for the next 60 phase of the modulation waveform. There are 32 items of data for the 60 phase of the modulation waveform. The time width of one data item is 1/32 of the time width of the 60 phase of the previous modulation waveform. The modulation waveform moves forward by the width.
HU
(6) HV
(1)
(3)
*HU, HV, HW: Hall signals
(5)
(2)
HW (6)' SU (1)' (2)' (3)'
SV
Sw
In the above diagram, the modulation waveform (1)' data moves forward by the 1/32 time width of the time (1) from HU: to HW: . Similarly, data (2)' moves forward by the 1/32 time width of the time (2) from HW: to HV: . If the next edge does not occur after the 32 data items end, the next 32 data items move forward by the same time width until the next edge occurs.
*t
32 31 30
6 5 4 3 2 1 SV (1)' 32 data items * t = t(1) 1/32
The phases are matched between every rising edge of the HU signal and the modulation waveform. The modulation waveform is reset in sync with the rising edge of the HU signal at every electrical angle of 360. Thus, when the Hall signal rising edge is mispositioned or at acceleration/deceleration, the modulation waveform is non-consecutive at every reset.
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Timing Charts
Hu Hv Hw
Hall signal (input)
FG signal (output)
FG
Turn-on signal when driven by square wave (output)
U V W X Y Z
Su Modulation waveform when driven by sine wave (inside of IC) Sv
Sw Forward Hu Hv Hw
Hall signal (input)
FG signal (output)
FG
U V Turn-on signal W when driven by square wave X (output) Y Z
Su Modulation waveform when driven by sine wave (inside of IC) Sv
Sw Reverse
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Operating Waveform When Driven by Square Wave (CW/CCW = Low, OS = High)
Hall signal HU HV HW
Output waveform U
X
V
Y
W
Z
Enlarged waveform W TONU Z Td Td TONL
To stabilize the bootstrap voltage, the lower outputs (X, Y, and Z) are always turned on at the carrier cycle even during off time. At that time, the upper outputs (U, V, and W) are assigned dead time and turned off at the timing when the lower outputs are turned on. (Td varies with input Ve) Carrier cycle = fosc/252 (Hz) TONL = carrier cycle 8% (s) (Uniformity) When the motor is driven by a square wave, acceleration/deceleration is determined by voltage Ve. The motor accelerates/decelerates according to the On duty of TONU (see the diagram of output On duty on page 11). Note: At startup, the motor is driven by a square wave when the Hall signals are 5 Hz or lower (fosc = 4 MHz) and the motor is rotating in the reverse direction as the TB6551F controls it (REV = High). Dead time: Td = 16/fosc (s) (In more than Ve = 4.6 V)
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Operating Waveform When Driven by Sine-Wave PWM (CW/CCW = Low, OS = High)
Generation inside of IC Modulation signal Triangular wave (carrier frequency)
Phase U
Phase V
Phase W
Output waveform
U
X
V
Y
W
Z
Inter-line voltage
VUV
(U-V)
VVW
(V-W)
VWU
(W-U)
When the motor is driven by a sine wave, the motor is accelerated/decelerated according to the On duty of TONU when the amplitude of the modulation symbol changes by voltage Ve (see the diagram of output On duty on page 11). Triangular wave frequency = carrier frequency = fosc/252 (Hz) Note: At startup, the motor is driven by a sine wave when the Hall signals are 5 Hz or higher (fosc = 4 MHz) and the motor is rotating in the same direction as the TB6551F controls it (REV = Low).
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Example of Application Circuit
Vrefout
23/29
LA Power supply for motor 4/5 VM Comparator 5/6 U X V Y W 10/12 Z M Driver Comparator Setting dead time 6/7 9/10 7/8 120/180 Charger Comparator 8/9 5V
Xin System clock generator Triangular wave generator 6-bit 5-bit AD 4 bit Position detector Output waveform generator Selecting data Phase W Phase V Counter Phase U
14/17
Xout
15/19
HU
21/26
HV
20/25
HW Internal Phase reference matching voltage
19/23
Ve
22/27
VCC
1/1
Regulator
Pre-driver (charge pump)
15 V
(Note 2) P-GND Comparator PWM
3/4
S-GND FG Rotating direction HU HV HW 120turn-on matrix
13/16
24/30
Vrefout
16/20
Power-on reset
RES
18/22
Switching 120/180 & gate block protection on/off
OS
MCU
Idc
2/3
CW/CCW
17/21
FG
11/14
ST/SP Protection CW/CCW BRK (CHG) & ERR reset GB
REV
12/15 (Note 1)
(Note 1)
Hall IC signal
The pin numbers shown above are for the TB6539N/TB6539F
Note 1: For preventing the IC from misoperation caused by noise for example connect to ground as required.
Note 2: Connect P-GND to signal ground on an application circuit.
Note 3: The IC may be destroyed by short-circuiting outputs, or connecting outputs to the supply or ground. Thus, take great care when designing output lines, VCC, VM, and GND lines. Also be careful not to insert the IC in the wrong direction because this could destroy the IC.
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Package Dimensions
Weight: 1.62 g (typ.)
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Package Dimensions
Weight: 0.63 g (typ.)
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RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCT USE
000707EBA
* TOSHIBA is continually working to improve the quality and reliability of its products. Nevertheless, semiconductor devices in general can malfunction or fail due to their inherent electrical sensitivity and vulnerability to physical stress. It is the responsibility of the buyer, when utilizing TOSHIBA products, to comply with the standards of safety in making a safe design for the entire system, and to avoid situations in which a malfunction or failure of such TOSHIBA products could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or damage to property. In developing your designs, please ensure that TOSHIBA products are used within specified operating ranges as set forth in the most recent TOSHIBA products specifications. Also, please keep in mind the precautions and conditions set forth in the "Handling Guide for Semiconductor Devices," or "TOSHIBA Semiconductor Reliability Handbook" etc.. * The TOSHIBA products listed in this document are intended for usage in general electronics applications (computer, personal equipment, office equipment, measuring equipment, industrial robotics, domestic appliances, etc.). These TOSHIBA products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in equipment that requires extraordinarily high quality and/or reliability or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life or bodily injury ("Unintended Usage"). Unintended Usage include atomic energy control instruments, airplane or spaceship instruments, transportation instruments, traffic signal instruments, combustion control instruments, medical instruments, all types of safety devices, etc.. Unintended Usage of TOSHIBA products listed in this document shall be made at the customer's own risk. * The products described in this document are subject to the foreign exchange and foreign trade laws. * The information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. No responsibility is assumed by TOSHIBA CORPORATION for any infringements of intellectual property or other rights of the third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any intellectual property or other rights of TOSHIBA CORPORATION or others. * The information contained herein is subject to change without notice.
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